Hide Only Vertex [Lock Vertex], from developer Bookyakuno, hides only the vertices of a mesh and locks edits. The faces remain visible while the mesh is protected from editing, and the same behaviour extends to curves, where it can hide only the points.
You reach it through Mesh > Show/Hide > 'Hide Only Vertex' and, for curves, Curve > Show/Hide > 'Hide Only Vertex'. Keyboard shortcuts cover both actions: Ctrl + Shift + H runs Hide Only Vertex, and Alt + Ctrl + Shift + H runs Hide Only Vertex (Unselected). To bring hidden vertices back, use Reveal Hidden (Alt + H) under Mesh or Curve > Show/Hide.
The add-on supports Blender versions 2.83 through 5.0 and is released under the GPL license. Documentation is available, along with a GitHub link for the Blender 2.7x build. It carries a rating of 5 from 9 ratings on Superhive.